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To be designated as an author according to Biomedical Journals, one must have made substantial contributions to:

Design or analysis and interpretation of data

To be designated as an author according to Biomedical Journals, substantial contributions to the design or analysis and interpretation of data are essential. This criterion emphasizes the importance of actively engaging in the intellectual aspects of research. An author should demonstrate a significant role in developing the study's framework and in understanding the implications of the results.

This requirement ensures that authors are genuinely involved in the scholarly work presented in the publication, which is vital for maintaining the integrity and accuracy of scientific literature. Being part of the design process means having a foundational influence on how the research is conducted, which directly affects the quality and credibility of the findings. The role of data analysis and interpretation is similarly critical, as this reflects an author's understanding and insights into the research conclusions, allowing for meaningful contributions to the field of study.

While the other options listed involve important aspects of the research process, such as subject selection, funding, and oversight, they do not equate to the same level of active intellectual contribution required for authorship. Therefore, only those who meaningfully engage in the design or analysis and interpretation of data can rightfully claim authorship according to the standards set by Biomedical Journals.

Selection and assignment of subjects

Acquisition of funding

General supervision of the research group

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