Eat Right Practice Exam

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

1. "The amount of weight gained by pregnant women during the first trimester has been found to decrease as the number of episodes of nausea and vomiting increase."

2. "The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases as central adiposity increases."

3. "Consuming calories in excess of those needed results in generalized adiposity."

4. "Blood pressure in certain genetic groups appears to decrease as the consumption of dietary sodium is reduced."

The correct answer is: "The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases as central adiposity increases."

A positive correlation occurs when an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in another variable. In the context of the question, the statement about the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and central adiposity showcases this concept clearly. As central adiposity increases, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus also increases. This means that individuals with higher levels of central body fat are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, illustrating a direct relationship where both variables rise in tandem. This is significant in understanding health risks, especially as obesity is a well-established risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. The other choices present relationships that do not exhibit this positive correlation. For instance, the first statement describes a scenario where increased episodes of nausea and vomiting lead to a decrease in weight gain, showcasing a negative correlation. The third option reflects a cause-and-effect scenario rather than a correlation, focusing on the outcome of excess calorie consumption. Lastly, the fourth statement suggests that blood pressure decreases with reduced sodium intake, which also illustrates a negative correlation. Thus, the choice regarding type 2 diabetes and central adiposity clearly demonstrates a positive correlation.