What is lactose intolerance?

Lactose intolerance is specifically characterized by the inability to digest lactose, which is a sugar present in milk and dairy products. This condition occurs when the body lacks sufficient levels of lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into simpler sugars that can be easily absorbed in the digestive system. As a result, undigested lactose can lead to various gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal pain following the consumption of dairy products.

Understanding lactose intolerance entails recognizing that it is not related to an allergy to dairy proteins, which involves an immune system response and can lead to different symptoms than those associated with lactose intolerance. Additionally, it is not accurate to consider lactose intolerance as a mild form of indigestion because it is a distinct digestive condition rather than a broad category of discomfort. Lastly, the ability to digest all dairy products directly contradicts the definition of lactose intolerance, as individuals with this condition struggle with the consumption of lactose-containing foods.