What dietary pattern has been linked to lower rates of heart disease?

The Mediterranean diet is renowned for its association with lower rates of heart disease, primarily due to its emphasis on heart-healthy foods. This dietary pattern typically includes a high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and olive oil, coupled with moderate consumption of fish and poultry, and limited intake of red meat and sweets.

Research indicates that the Mediterranean diet is rich in antioxidants and healthy fats, particularly omega-3 fatty acids from fish and monounsaturated fats from olive oil, which contribute to improved heart health by reducing inflammation, lowering LDL cholesterol levels, and promoting overall cardiovascular function. Moreover, this diet is often complemented by lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and social eating traditions, that further enhance its heart-protective effects.

While other dietary patterns like vegetarian and high-protein diets can also support heart health, the Mediterranean diet's comprehensive approach and focus on whole, nutrient-dense foods make it particularly effective in reducing the risk of heart disease. The Western diet, often characterized by high amounts of processed foods, sugars, and unhealthy fats, has been linked to increased risks of heart disease, making it less favorable in this context.