How is a caloric surplus defined?

A caloric surplus is defined as consuming more calories than the body needs for maintenance. This condition occurs when the daily caloric intake exceeds the number of calories required to maintain current body weight and energy levels. When in a caloric surplus, the excess energy is typically stored as body fat or used to build muscle, depending on other factors such as physical activity levels and nutrient intake. This concept is fundamental in nutrition and weight management, particularly for those looking to gain weight or increase muscle mass.

Understanding the body's energy balance is crucial; it consists of calories consumed through food and beverages versus calories expended through basal metabolic processes, physical activity, and digestion. A surplus enables growth and recovery but needs to be managed properly to avoid unwanted fat gain.